Southern African nations concerned over increased elephant losses amid drought

Southern African countries home to the largest elephant population in the world fear a rise in animal deaths in the coming months as food and water sources dwindle following a severe drought, Azernews reports citing Reuters.

The region experienced an extended hot, dry spell during its 2023/24 rainy season, attributed to El Nino, a weather phenomenon marked by the warming of the waters in the eastern Pacific, leading to hotter weather across the world. El Nino has worsened the impact of climate change, scientists say.

The drought has affected water and food supplies for humans, livestock and wildlife. Zimbabwe lost 160 elephants in its premier Hwange National Park in the year to January 2024, according to the country's wildlife authority.

Botswana lost 300 elephants to drought last year, according to its environment ministry. Others like Zambia have also confirmed deaths of elephants in its national parks, with Minister of Environment Rodney Sikumba describing the drought as "devastating".

The five countries making up the Kavango-Zambezi (KAZA) conservation area - Zimbabwe, Zambia, Botswana, Angola and Namibia, home to a combined 227,000 elephants - are meeting in Livingstone, Zambia, to discuss sustainable wildlife management.

"The drought has had an adverse effect and you would notice that most of the watering holes in parks around KAZA are drying up," Sikumba told Reuters on the sidelines of the conference.

"In the absence of water and food, you will see carcasses dotted around the parks."

The Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Authority (Zimparks) said it had received $3 million from the country's disaster fund to boost water supply in national parks, but its director general Fulton Mangwanya said this was not enough to save wildlife.

"We have over 150 solar powered boreholes. However, it will not stop the elephants from dying when the drought hits hard. We are ready for the drought, but some situations cannot be avoided," Mangwanya said.

Delegates said climate change has worsened human-wildlife conflict as elephants encroach on human habitat in search of food and water. Last year Zimbabwe lost 50 people to elephant attacks.

Philip Kuvawoga, the International Fund for Animal Welfare's (IFAW) director for landscape conservation, said wildlife faced a bigger risk of food shortage due to the drought and heightened fire risk.

"Fire management is important so we retain and sustain food available for wildlife," he said.