United States welcomes hints of openness in Turkmenistan

The United States welcomes acting Turkmenistan President Gurbanguly Berdimukhamedov's remarks about educational reform, the expansion of exchange programs and increasing Internet access for the Turkmen people, said Assistant Secretary of State for South and Central Asian Affairs Richard Boucher in a January 5 interview with Voice of America-Russia.

"Education, access to information, economic opportunity, entrepreneurship, these are things that are fundamental to creating a more open society [than existed under previous leadership]," Boucher said. "As we hope Turkmenistan will move forward to a new future, we're quite ready for a new relationship," he added.

Berdimukhamedov, Turkmenistan's former deputy prime minister, took over the leadership of the Central Asian country following the December 21, 2006, death of President Saparmurat Niyazov.

According to the State Department's country background notes on Turkmenistan, Niyazov's authoritarian regime had a poor human rights record, and the United States and Turkmenistan have disagreed about the Turmenistan's path toward democratic and economic reform.

Despite some talk of change, Berdimukhamedov has yet to mention political reforms for Turkmenistan, Boucher said. Such reforms need "to be a part of the package" in order for Turkmenistan to create "a more dynamic society, more creative society, a better economic opportunity for everyone," said Boucher. The United States continues to encourage Turkmenistan to work toward political change; Boucher, however, said decisions on reforms "are going to have to be made in the end in Turkmenistan."

Boucher said the United States also would like to see Turkmenistan develop its oil and gas resources and increase its export options. Earning market rates for the sale of its energy resources would help Turkmenistan reap the "kind of benefits from their oil and gas resources that others in the [Central Asian] region have managed to get," he said.

Having multiple gas pipelines and multiple trading markets would help "secure the sovereignty and independence of the nation," he added. The United States, Boucher said, has "always believed in the independence of these [Central Asian] countries." USINFO