City with ancient origins. How old is Baku?

By Azernews

By Laman Ismayilova

Azerbaijan's capital city offers an endless delight for travelers enthusiastic about history, art and architecture. 

From modern architecture to the ancient streets, there are many charming places to visit in the City of Winds.

Baku is filled with highly regarded museums, breathtaking skyscrapers and magnificent historical sites. The city combines the best traditions and modernity.

With its rich historical and cultural heritage, it is a great destination for travelers wishing to get an unforgettable experience.

One of the best things about traveling is exploring the history of a given place.

The history of Baku goes into deep antiquity, although the exact date of its occurrence is still unknown.

People inhabited the city of Baku and Absheron peninsula since very ancient times and created settlements here. 

Located in the south-west of Baku, Gobustan was one of the cradles of civilization.

Gobustan is home to one of the world's largest ancient petroglyphs collections.  Settled since the 8th millennium BC, the area contains more than 600,000 distinct paintings, going as far back as 20,000 years to as recent as 5,000 years ago. 

The pictures dating back to 8 millenniums reflect different hunting scenes, ceremonial and ritual processes of the habitants of these places.

The archaic pre-Zoroastrian burial places found in 1888 during the digging of the foundation pit of the base of the former Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in the place of an old Muslim cemetery speak of the city's ancient origin as well.

Ancient burials in the form of stone boxes as well as a tomb in the shape of a big tandir (fireplace) were discovered there. Six or seven human skeletons were found in the tomb. Clay bowls were placed shape in front of the skeletons.

This was a family tomb going to the times of the tribal system of the society.

At the same time, writings on the walls in Absheron and Gobustan of 12,000 years ago, archaeological findings, as well stone writing of August Guy Octavi about military camps made around Baku by Emperor of Rome Pompeii and Lukul in order to occupy Caucasus in the 1st century BC prove that Baku is an ancient city with rich history. Given all these facts, the city’s age is more than 5,500 years.

Baku was one of the main cities of the Shirvanshahs state (12th cent.), the Safavid state in (16th cent.), the Ottoman Empire in the 17th century, the Baku khanate (18th cent.).

Today Baku is one of the most beautiful cities located at the joint of Europe and Asia. Modern buildings spring up between ancient monuments.

It has turned into the largest cultural center of Azerbaijan. Baku is the place where a national theatre, the first in Muslim East, lifted the curtain, the first opera was performed, the first Azerbaijan newspaper was published, the first Azerbaijani library was opened. The city is home to numerous museums, institutions of higher education, philharmonic halls, theaters and libraries.

Azerbaijan's capital city is also famous for its landmarks: Boulevard, Fountain Square, the State Flag Square, Heydar Aliyev Center, Flame Towers, Crystal Hall where the Eurovision 2012 Song Contest was held.

Icheri Sheher (Old City), the treasury of Azerbaijan's cultural heritage, has a history of thousands of years.

The city continues to attract visitors with its historic architecture, the trendiest and most inventive restaurants and shops.

This ancient site has centuries-old secrets trapped in its walls.

The city, built on a high hill in the form of an amphitheatre, is exposed to the sea in the lower part, and is surrounded by the Caucasus mountains in the upper part. With its triple row of fortress walls, the Maiden Tower and other fortification facilities, Icherisheher appeared to be an impressive stronghold.

With its defensive fortresses, Icherisheher is a symbol of patriotism and a great source of national pride and dignity.

All the buildings within the fortress walls of the Old City were of a defensive nature in terms of their tactical and strategic functions.

Large squares and wide streets gradually narrowed and shrank into a geometric design fascinate Baku residents and city's guests.

Numerous unique monuments, including the Palace of the Shirvanshahs, mosques and minarets, the ruins of caravanserais and bathhouses make this place one of the most popular tourist attractions in the city.

In 2000, the Old City of Baku, including the Palace of the Shirvanshahs and Maiden Tower, became the first location in Azerbaijan to be classified as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.

Moreover, Baku is the giant oil and gas industry center. The world's first offshore oil platform -- Oil Rocks -- is located in Azerbaijan's capital city. 

The oil production, energy, machinery, chemical, industrial fields are successfully developed in the city and its surroundings.

Baku is a truly a wonderful city, where you can relax and at the same time learn and see a lot of new and unusual sites.